Like a bathtub in a steam room, you would have to add water from the tap to keep its water level stable. In the Red Sea, the water evaporates at one of the highest rates in the world. But unexplored regions are the juiciest for scientists, because they are the ripest places to make new discoveries. That explains why many Red Sea phenomena have remained unknown. The politics of the nations surrounding the Red Sea are also complex and make it among the more difficult places to collect data. A variety of exotic threads are woven into the tapestry that produce the Red Sea’s unusual oceanographic phenomena: seasonal monsoons, desert sandstorms, wind jets through narrow mountain gaps, the Strait of Bab Al Mandeb that squeezes passage in and out of the sea-even locust swarms. But I have found that the Red Sea is far more mesmerizing and complex than I initially imagined. Unravelling the intricate tapestry that creates this rare eastern boundary current in the Red Sea was a goal of my postdoctoral research. But the Red Sea Eastern Boundary Current, unlike all others, flows in the direction of the North Pole. But all other such eastern boundary currents head south in the northern hemisphere. Eastern boundary currents are so called because they hug the eastern coasts of continents. The Red Sea is one of the few places on Earth that has what is known as a poleward-flowing eastern boundary current. Its currents change in summer and winter. Because of its narrow confines and constricted connection to the global ocean and because it is subject to seasonal flip-flopping wind patterns governed by the monsoons, it has odd circulation patterns. It is extremely warm-temperatures in its surface waters reach than 30° Celsius (86° Fahrenheit)-and water evaporates from it at a prodigious rate, making it extremely salty. Most of the oceanic features in a big ocean such as the Atlantic, we can also find there.īut the Red Sea also has its own curious characteristics that are not seen in other oceans. These seas furnish moisture for the arid Middle Eastern atmosphere and allowed great civilizations to flourish thousands of years ago around these seas.įor an oceanographer like myself, the Red Sea can be viewed as a mini-ocean, like a toy model ocean. Since I began my postdoctoral research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, working with WHOI physical oceanographers Amy Bower and Tom Farrar, I have learned two things: first, that few people realize how beautiful the Middle East is, and second, that the seas there have fascinating and unusual characteristics and far-reaching impacts on life in and around them. I get this same question (and sometimes the same reaction) from my oceanography colleagues. All they see are the winds of wars-the ever-present terrorist attacks, fighting, and killings in the region. On the basis that there are a very small number of trains from the Lea Valley route that run via (and stop at) Stratford on their way to Liverpool Street, I believe it's a valid route, and therefore I should have been allowed to break my journey.When my friends and family ask me what I am doing in my research, I respond that “I am investigating the winds and currents of the Red Sea in the Middle East.” Scary faces pop up. The second said that my ticket was only valid on the direct route from Tottenham Hale towards London (as I had explained that I also had a Z12 travelcard), not via Stratford, and therefore not valid for break of journey at Stratford.
The first one said that the ticket was valid to zone 2, and that Stratford was zone 3 (but didn't comprehend that I was still travelling towards zone 2, when I was breaking my journey). Ticket was rejected at the barrier and two members of staff both told me that the ticket was not valid. On the return journey, I chose to change trains at Tottenham Hale and travel down to Stratford (zone 3) and break my journey there. I hold a zone 1 & 2 travel card (on Oyster) and purchased an off-peak day return at Liverpool Street station for Boundary Zone 2 - Hertford stns.
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